\u4eac\u5927GCOE\u30fb\u95a2\u897f\u601d\u8003\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5171\u50ac\uff0e2009\u5e748\u670830\u65e5, \u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66.<\/p>\n
\u677e\u9999\u654f\u5f66\u5148\u751f(\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u90e8\u884c\u52d5\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1)\u300cCorrelation sensitivity, linearly separability, and predictive inference in models of category learning.\uff08\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u7dda\u5f62\u5206\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u4e88\u671f\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff09\u300d
\nCategolization\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5727\u7e2e\u3084\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u4eba\u9593\u3082\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u8c61\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5316\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u308f\u3051\u3066\uff0crule theory\uff0cprototype theory\uff0cexemplar theory\uff0c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b[1]\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e3b\u306b\u677e\u9999\u5148\u751f\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u305fprototype theory\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb(OEDIPUS)\u3068Kruschke 92\u306eexemplar theory\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb(ALCOVE)\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\uff0cprototype theoly\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u4eba\u306e\u9ad8\u6b21\u8a8d\u77e5\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff0e<\/p>\n
prototype model\u306fexemplar model\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5206\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3067\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u8868\u8c61\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u5206\u96e2\u3092\u6271\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5de5\u592b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff0e\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u6210\u308b\u7269\u4f53\u3092\u8907\u6570\u7a2e\u985e\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u308f\u3051\u3092\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u89b3\u5bdf\u304c\u9032\u3080\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u305d\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u7b87\u6240\u304c\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff0c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u50be\u5411\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff0eOEDIPUS\u306f\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9078\u629e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u305fprototype model\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7279\u5fb4\u6b21\u5143\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u76ee\u7684\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52fe\u914d\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff0c\u975e\u7dda\u5f62\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u306f\uff0cExemplar model\u3067\u3042\u308bALCOVE\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\uff0c\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4f3c\u305f\u50be\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4eca\u5f8c\u306f\uff0c\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u8868\u8c61\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\uff0e<\/p>\n
[1] Rule theory\u306f\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7279\u5fb4(\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb)\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u3066\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e(\u4f8b:\u72ac\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea=\u56db\u672c\u8db3\u3067\uff0c\u5420\u3048\u3066\uff0c\u5c3b\u5c3e\u3092\u3075\u308b\u3082\u306e)\uff0cprototype theory\u306f\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u70b9\u3067\u305d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u8868\u8c61\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff0cexemplar theory\u306f\u305d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u8c61\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8a8d\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u5404\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3068\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u5ea6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f55\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b(Similarity-based categolization)\uff0e<\/p>\n
Steven A. Sloman\u5148\u751f(Cognitive&Linguistic Science, Brown University)\u300cAsymmetries in Causal Induction(\u56e0\u679c\u5e30\u7d0d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027)\u300d
\n\u4eba\u306f\uff0c\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u7684\u5e30\u7d0d(categorical induction)\u3092\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020(causal structure)\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\uff0e\u5f93\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u300cThe lake contains toxins. Therefore, the fish in the lake contain toxins.\u300d\u306f\uff0c\u9069\u5207\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3044\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u8aac\u660e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3046\u308b\uff0e\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u300cThe mother of a newborn baby has dark skin. Therefore, her baby has dark skin.\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u660e\u306f\uff0c\u4e8c\u6587\u76ee\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u3046\u308b\u300c\u7236\u89aa\u306e\u808c\u306e\u8272\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4ed6\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u539f\u56e0\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3046\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u4eba\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a8d\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff0e<\/p>\n
\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0cSloman\u5148\u751f\u306f\uff0c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387(Causal\u6761\u4ef6)\u3068\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387(Diagnostic\u6761\u4ef6)\u3092\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f(Fernbach, Darlow&Sloman)\uff0e\u56e0\u679c\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306f\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u4e00\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e(No Alternative causal\u6761\u4ef6)\u3068\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u4e8c\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e(Alternative cause\u6761\u4ef6)\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u4e8c\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u4e00\u8981\u56e0\u3060\u3051\u304c\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306e\u56db\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Causal-Alternative cause\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\uff0c\u300cThe mother of a newborn baby has dark skin. How likely is it that her baby has dark skin?\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e<\/p>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u56db\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff0e\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4eba\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u898b\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u5e30\u7d0d\u306e\u30d9\u30a4\u30b8\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u307f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff0e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4eac\u5927GCOE\u30fb\u95a2\u897f\u601d\u8003\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5171\u50ac\uff0e2009\u5e748\u670830\u65e5, \u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66. \u677e\u9999\u654f\u5f66\u5148\u751f(\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u90e8\u884c\u52d5\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1)\u300cCorrelation sensiti...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2320,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/2320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp\/user\/ishihara\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}